Engineering Formula Library

Verified formula records with variables, conditions, sources and direct links to deterministic calculators.

FORMULA RECORDS

Open a formula to inspect its calculation basis.

Every published record states units, assumptions, source metadata and a related calculator. Formula records cover stated preliminary conditions—not final design-code compliance.

Solid circular shaft torsion

Relates torque, selected allowable shear stress and diameter for a solid circular shaft under pure torsion.

T = πτd³ / 16
Machine DesignVerified record
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Hollow circular shaft torsion

Relates torque to outside/inside diameter for a hollow circular shaft in pure torsion.

T = (πτ/16)((Do⁴ − Di⁴)/Do)
Machine DesignVerified record
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Power, speed and torque

Converts transmitted mechanical power and rotational speed to torque.

T = 60P/(2πN) = 9550P(kW)/N(rpm)
Machine DesignVerified record
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Sheet-metal bend allowance

Neutral-axis arc-length estimate for one bend, using radians for angle.

BA = θ(R + Kt)
ManufacturingVerified record
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Preliminary press-brake air-bend force

Preliminary metric air-bending estimate with explicitly entered tensile strength, thickness, bend length and V-opening.

F = 1.42Rm t²L/(V × 1000)
ManufacturingVerified record
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Newton’s Second Law

Net force from mass and acceleration.

F = ma
MechanicsVerified record
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